MetaADEDB: ADE

MetaADEDB 2.0 @ LMMD

Superinfection

(UMLS:C0038826)

Definition:: A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. Experimental challenge and in vitro models are sometimes used in virulence and infectivity studies.
UMLS ID:: C0038826
MeSH ID:: D015163

Classification 1:

Name:

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
MeSH Tree Number(s):: C01.539.597.880

Classification 2:

Name:

Virus Diseases
MeSH Tree Number(s):: C02.597.880

Classification 3:

Name:

Parasitic Diseases
MeSH Tree Number(s):: C03.684.880

Synonym(s)

Superinfection

INFECTION SUPERIMPOSED

Superadded infection

Superadded infection present

Superimposed infection

Suprainfection

superimposed infection

superinfection

superinfections

Associated Drug(s)

	Name	Number of Reports	Reference(s)	Data Source
1	Aztreonam	FAERS: 9		US FAERS
2	Ibuprofen	FAERS: 9		US FAERS
3	Tigecycline	FAERS: 6		US FAERS
4	Dexamethasone	FAERS: 5		US FAERS
5	Everolimus	FAERS: 5		US FAERS
6	Tacrolimus	FAERS: 5		US FAERS
7	Terbinafine	FAERS: 5		US FAERS
8	Fondaparinux	FAERS: 4		US FAERS
9	Metformin	FAERS: 4		US FAERS
10	Atomoxetine Hydrochloride	FAERS: 3		US FAERS
11	Cisapride	FAERS: 3		US FAERS
12	Daptomycin	FAERS: 3		US FAERS
13	Methotrexate	FAERS: 3		US FAERS
14	Albendazole	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
15	Albuterol	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
16	Bortezomib	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
17	Cyclosporine	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
18	Erlotinib Hydrochloride	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
19	Hydroxyurea	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
20	Mitomycin	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
21	PCI 32765	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
22	Rivaroxaban	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
23	Sunitinib	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
24	Zoledronic Acid	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
25	etonogestrel	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
26	pazopanib	FAERS: 2		US FAERS
27	Alendronate	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
28	Allopurinol	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
29	Aminolevulinic Acid	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
30	Amiodarone	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
31	Azacitidine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
32	Baclofen	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
33	Bendamustine Hydrochloride	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
34	Bosentan	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
35	Budesonide	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
36	Buprenorphine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
37	Capecitabine	FAERS: 1		SIDER US FAERS
38	Cephalexin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
39	Ciprofloxacin	FAERS: 1		SIDER US FAERS
40	Clotrimazole	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
41	Crizotinib	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
42	Dactinomycin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
43	Deferasirox	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
44	Docetaxel	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
45	Doripenem	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
46	Erlotinib Hydrochloride	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
47	Exenatide	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
48	Fluoxetine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
49	Glipizide	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
50	Imatinib Mesylate	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
51	Insulin Glargine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
52	Isotretinoin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
53	Ketoconazole	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
54	Lamotrigine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
55	Levofloxacin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
56	Mechlorethamine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
57	Meropenem	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
58	Minocycline	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
59	Minoxidil	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
60	Norgestrel	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
61	Ofloxacin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
62	Paclitaxel	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
63	Pentostatin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
64	Ramipril	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
65	Ranitidine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
66	Ranitidine	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
67	Rosuvastatin Calcium	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
68	Ruxolitinib phosphate	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
69	Teriparatide	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
70	Tobramycin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
71	Trazodone	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
72	Valacyclovir	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
73	Vancomycin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
74	Zanamivir	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
75	apixaban	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
76	carbidopa, levodopa drug combination	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
77	eribulin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
78	exemestane	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
79	iodixanol	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
80	ioversol	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
81	lenvatinib	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
82	pirfenidone	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
83	reviparin	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
84	temsirolimus	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
85	tofacitinib	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
86	valdecoxib	FAERS: 1		US FAERS
87	Albuterol	Canada Vigilance: 1		Canada Vigilance
88	Amoxicillin			SIDER
89	Bepridil			SIDER
90	Cefaclor			SIDER
91	Cefadroxil			SIDER
92	Cefazolin			SIDER
93	Cefixime			SIDER
94	Cefotaxime			SIDER
95	Cefotetan			SIDER
96	Cefoxitin			SIDER
97	Ceftriaxone			SIDER
98	Cefuroxime		9462439	CTD
99	Clindamycin			SIDER
100	Erythromycin			SIDER
101	Moxalactam		6225403	CTD
102	Moxifloxacin			SIDER
103	Netilmicin		711647	CTD
104	Nitrofurantoin			SIDER
105	Piperacillin			SIDER
106	Selegiline			SIDER
107	Temozolomide	Canada Vigilance: 1		Canada Vigilance
108	cefditoren			SIDER
109	cefprozil			SIDER
110	lepirudin			SIDER
111	pimecrolimus			SIDER

Similar ADE(s)

	Name	Semantic Similarity
1	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections	34.5%
2	Pelvic Infection	15.8%
3	Wound Infection	15.8%
4	Soft Tissue Infection	15.8%
5	Community-Acquired Infections	15.8%
6	Sexually Transmitted Diseases	15.3%
7	Eye Infection	13%
8	Respiratory Tract Infections	13%
9	Bone Diseases, Infectious	12.7%
10	Pregnancy Complications, Infectious	12.7%
11	Skin Diseases, Infectious	12.7%
12	Arthritis, Infectious	12.5%
13	Suppuration	12.5%
14	Cross Infection	12.4%
15	Septicemia	12.4%
16	Sepsis	12.4%
17	Endotoxemia	11.7%
18	Cellulitis	11.7%
19	Ulcerative stomatitis	11.6%
20	Arbovirus Infections	10.9%
21	Helminthiasis	10.9%
22	Protozoan Infections	10.9%
23	Dengue Fever	10.9%
24	Yellow Fever	10.9%
25	Warts	10.8%
26	Rift Valley Fever	10.6%
27	Urinary tract infection	10.5%
28	Hidradenitis Suppurativa	10.5%
29	Dermatomycoses	10.3%
30	Skin Diseases, Bacterial	10.3%
31	Bacteremia	10.3%
32	Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean	10.2%
33	Cryptosporidiosis	9.8%
34	Phlebotomus Fever	9.7%
35	Epstein-Barr Virus Infections	9.7%
36	Condylomata Acuminata	9.6%
37	Mycetoma	9.5%
38	Helminthiasis, Animal	9.4%
39	Protozoan Infections, Animal	9.4%
40	Giardiasis	9.2%
41	Hepatitis E	9.2%
42	Bacterial Infections	9.1%
43	Mycoses	9.1%
44	Fungemia	9%
45	Zika Virus Infection	9%
46	Parasitic Diseases, Animal	9%
47	Bacterial Endocarditis	8.9%
48	Liver Abscess, Amebic	8.8%
49	Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis	8.8%
50	Babesiosis	8.7%
51	Liver Diseases, Parasitic	8.7%
52	Hepatitis, Viral, Human	8.6%
53	Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic	8.6%
54	Pertussis	8.6%
55	Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic	8.6%
56	Viremia	8.5%
57	Parasitemia	8.5%
58	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	8.5%
59	AIDS related complex	8.5%
60	West Nile Fever	8.4%
61	Endophthalmitis	8.3%
62	Peritonitis	8.3%
63	Hemorrhagic Fever, American	8.2%
64	Lassa Fever	8.2%
65	Osteomyelitis	8.2%
66	Periostitis	8.2%
67	Surgical Wound Infection	8.2%
68	Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous	8.2%
69	Cutaneous Candidiasis	8.2%
70	Abscess	8.2%
71	Adnexitis	8.2%
72	Empyema	8.2%
73	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	8.2%
74	Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis	8.2%
75	Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	8.1%
76	Fascioliasis	8%
77	Joint Tuberculosis	8%
78	Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular	8%
79	Bone Tuberculosis	8%
80	Hepatitis B	8%
81	Hepatitis C	8%
82	Larva Migrans	8%
83	Leishmaniasis	8%
84	Molluscum Contagiosum	8%
85	Toxocariasis	8%
86	Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal	7.9%
87	Dirofilariasis	7.8%
88	Psoas Abscess	7.7%
89	Abdominal Abscess	7.7%
90	Erysipelas	7.7%
91	Staphylococcal Skin Infections	7.7%
92	Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome	7.5%
93	Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral	7.5%
94	Candidemia	7.4%
95	Echinococcosis, Hepatic	7.4%
96	Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	7.4%
97	Erythrasma	7.4%
98	Hepatitis A	7.4%
99	Brain Abscess	7.3%
100	Chromoblastomycosis	7.3%
101	Dermatophytosis	7.3%
102	Sporotrichosis	7.3%
103	Tinea	7.3%
104	Tinea Versicolor	7.3%
105	Trichophytosis	7.3%
106	Hyalohyphomycosis	7.3%
107	Central Nervous System Infection	7.2%
108	Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus	7.1%
109	Hepatitis, Viral, Animal	7.1%
110	Pneumonia, Viral	7.1%
111	Pseudorabies	7%
112	Amebiasis	7%
113	Cestode Infections	7%
114	Coccidiosis	7%
115	Herpesviridae Infections	7%
116	Malaria	7%
117	Nematode infections	7%
118	Orthomyxoviridae Infections	7%
119	Picornaviridae Infections	7%
120	Acanthamoeba Infection	7%
121	Reoviridae Infections	7%
122	Retroviridae Infections	7%
123	Trematode Infections	7%
124	Trichomonas Infections	7%
125	Ciliophora Infections	7%
126	Polyomavirus Infections	7%
127	Balamuthia Infection	7%
128	Strongyle Infections, Equine	7%
129	Syphilis	7%
130	Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections	7%
131	Onchocerciasis	6.9%
132	Panophthalmitis	6.9%
133	Corneal Ulcer	6.9%
134	Acanthamoeba Keratitis	6.9%
135	Erythema Infectiosum	6.8%
136	Puerperal Infection	6.8%
137	Spondylitis	6.8%
138	Appendicitis	6.8%
139	Bacteriuria	6.8%
140	Pyuria	6.8%
141	Pyomyositis	6.8%
142	Erythema Chronicum Migrans	6.8%
143	Malaria, Cerebral	6.8%
144	Endotoxic shock	6.7%
145	Septic Shock	6.7%
146	Toxic Shock Syndrome	6.7%
147	Ecthyma	6.7%
148	Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis	6.7%
149	Chlamydia Infections	6.7%
150	Gonorrhea	6.7%
151	Impetigo	6.6%
152	Blastomycosis	6.3%
153	Keratitis, Herpetic	6.3%
154	Hordeolum	6.3%
155	Cytomegalovirus Retinitis	6.3%
156	Exanthema Subitum	6.3%
157	HIV Infections	6.3%
158	Bacterial conjunctivitis	6.3%
159	Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous	6.2%
160	Eczema Herpeticum	6.2%
161	Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome	6.1%
162	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	6.1%
163	Diverticulitis	6.1%
164	Herpangina	6%
165	Neurocysticercosis	5.9%
166	Fusariosis	5.8%
167	Arthritis, Reactive	5.7%
168	Borrelia Infections	5.5%
169	Leptospirosis	5.5%
170	Furunculosis	5.4%
171	furuncle	5.4%
172	carbuncle	5.4%
173	Genital Herpes	5.4%
174	Lymphogranuloma Venereum	5.3%
175	HIV Seropositivity	5.3%
176	Rhinoscleroma	5.3%
177	Herpes Labialis	5.3%
178	Tuberculosis, Spinal	5.3%
179	Aspergillosis	5.3%
180	Candidiasis	5.3%
181	Coccidioidomycosis	5.3%
182	Histoplasmosis	5.3%
183	Paracoccidioidomycosis	5.3%
184	Zygomycosis	5.3%
185	Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	5.3%
186	Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections	5.3%
187	Phaeohyphomycosis	5.3%
188	Pneumocystis Infections	5.3%
189	Hepatitis B, Chronic	5.3%
190	Hepatitis C, Chronic	5.3%
191	Lung Abscess	5.2%
192	Cytomegalovirus Infections	5.2%
193	Diphyllobothriasis	5.2%
194	Echinococcosis	5.2%
195	Entamoebiasis	5.2%
196	Enterovirus Infections	5.2%
197	Hymenolepiasis	5.2%
198	Malaria, Falciparum	5.2%
199	Malaria, Vivax	5.2%
200	Mite Infestations	5.2%
201	Myiasis	5.2%
202	Opisthorchiasis	5.2%
203	Schistosomiasis	5.2%
204	Smallpox	5.2%
205	Tick Infestations	5.2%
206	Toxoplasmosis	5.2%
207	Trypanosomiasis	5.2%
208	Secernentea Infections	5.2%
209	Flavivirus Infections	5.2%
210	Paramyxoviridae Infections	5.2%
211	Cardiovirus Infections	5.2%
212	Rhabdoviridae Infections	5.2%
213	Isosporiasis	5.2%
214	Varicella Zoster Virus Infection	5.2%
215	Liver Abscess	5.2%
216	Diverticulum	5.1%
217	Diverticulosis	5.1%
218	Discitis	5%
219	Lyme Disease	5%
220	Mastoiditis	5%
221	Relapsing Fever	5%
222	Petrositis	5%
223	Tinea Capitis	5%
224	Onychomycosis	5%
225	Ophthalmia Neonatorum	4.8%
226	Trachoma	4.8%
227	Lyme Neuroborreliosis	4.8%
228	Burkitt Lymphoma	4.5%
229	Neuroaspergillosis	4.5%
230	Retropharyngeal Abscess	4.3%
231	Tinea Pedis	4.3%
232	Epidural Abscess	4.3%
233	Foot-and-Mouth Disease	4.3%
234	Neurosyphilis	4.3%
235	Peritonsillar Abscess	4.3%
236	Blackwater Fever	4.3%
237	Chickenpox	4.3%
238	Coxsackievirus Infections	4.3%
239	Cysticercosis	4.3%
240	Hypodermyiasis	4.3%
241	Leishmaniasis, Visceral	4.3%
242	Rubella	4.3%
243	Schistosomiasis japonica	4.3%
244	Schistosomiasis mansoni	4.3%
245	Sparganosis	4.3%
246	African Trypanosomiasis	4.3%
247	Chagas Disease	4.3%
248	Ascaridida Infections	4.3%
249	Oxyurida Infections	4.3%
250	Coronavirus Infections	4.3%
251	Nipah Virus Infection	4.3%
252	Hydrophobia	4.3%
253	Otomycosis	4.2%
254	Erythema Induratum	4.2%
255	Common Cold	4.2%
256	Influenza	4.2%
257	Piedra	4.2%
258	Central Nervous System Fungal Infections	4.2%
259	Catarrh	4.2%
260	Bacterial Vaginosis	4.1%
261	Lice Infestations	4.1%
262	Trichomonas Vaginitis	4.1%
263	Human Ehrlichiosis	4.1%
264	HIV Wasting Syndrome	4%
265	AIDS Dementia Complex	4%
266	AIDS-Associated Nephropathy	4%
267	Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis	3.9%
268	Ascariasis	3.8%
269	Filariasis	3.8%
270	Gnathostomiasis	3.8%
271	Hookworm Infections	3.8%
272	Measles	3.8%
273	Oxyuriasis	3.8%
274	Pleurodynia, Epidemic	3.8%
275	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections	3.8%
276	Strongyloidiasis	3.8%
277	Trichinellosis	3.8%
278	Trichostrongyloidiasis	3.8%
279	Japanese Spotted Fever	3.7%
280	Loiasis	3.6%
281	Enterobiasis	3.6%
282	Lung Diseases, Fungal	3.5%
283	HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome	3.5%
284	Human anaplasmosis	3.5%
285	Actinomycetales Infections	3.4%
286	Pneumonia, Bacterial	3.4%
287	Bordetella Infections	3.4%
288	Brucellosis	3.4%
289	Campylobacter infection	3.4%
290	Clostridium Infections	3.4%
291	Enterobacteriaceae Infections	3.4%
292	Listeriosis	3.4%
293	Mucormycosis	3.4%
294	Pseudomonas Infections	3.4%
295	Q Fever	3.4%
296	Staphylococcal Infections	3.4%
297	Streptococcal Infections	3.4%
298	Vibrio Infections	3.4%
299	Helicobacter Infections	3.4%
300	Bacillaceae Infections	3.4%
301	Neisseriaceae Infections	3.4%
302	Burkholderia Infections	3.4%
303	Clostridium difficile infection	3.4%
304	Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome	3.4%
305	Flavobacteriaceae Infections	3.4%
306	Moraxellaceae Infections	3.4%
307	Burkholderia cepacia Infection	3.4%
308	HTLV-I Infections	3.4%
309	Meningitis, Cryptococcal	3.3%
310	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	3.2%
311	Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine	3.1%
312	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome	3.1%
313	Chagas Cardiomyopathy	3.1%
314	Mumps	3%
315	Bell Palsy	2.9%
316	Vesicular Stomatitis	2.9%
317	Erysipelothrix infection	2.9%
318	Meningitis, Listeria	2.9%
319	Toxoplasmosis, Congenital	2.8%
320	Syphilis, Congenital	2.8%
321	Oral candidiasis	2.8%
322	Pulmonary Aspergillosis	2.7%
323	Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis	2.7%
324	Meningitis, Haemophilus	2.6%
325	Meningitis, Pneumococcal	2.6%
326	Acinetobacter Infections	2.6%
327	Actinomycosis	2.6%
328	Bacteroides Infections	2.6%
329	Cholera	2.6%
330	Corynebacterium Infections	2.6%
331	Escherichia coli Infections	2.6%
332	Gas Gangrene	2.6%
333	Haemophilus Infections	2.6%
334	Klebsiella Infections	2.6%
335	Meningococcal Infections	2.6%
336	Mycobacterium Infections	2.6%
337	Mycoplasma Infections	2.6%
338	Nocardia Infections	2.6%
339	Pasteurella Infections	2.6%
340	Pneumococcal Infections	2.6%
341	Proteus Infections	2.6%
342	Rickettsia Infections	2.6%
343	Salmonella infections	2.6%
344	Scarlet Fever	2.6%
345	Scrub Typhus	2.6%
346	Tetanus	2.6%
347	Serratia Infections	2.6%
348	Ureaplasma Infections	2.6%
349	Pulmonary Nocardiosis	2.6%
350	Infectious Mononucleosis	2.4%
351	Poliomyelitis	2.4%
352	Meningitis, Bacterial	2.3%
353	Meningitis, Fungal	2.3%
354	Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal	2.2%
355	Herpes Zoster Oticus	2.2%
356	Diphtheria	2.1%
357	Leprosy	2.1%
358	Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous	2.1%
359	Psittacosis	2.1%
360	Paratyphoid Fever	2.1%
361	Plague	2.1%
362	Tuberculosis	2.1%
363	Typhoid Fever	2.1%
364	TYPHUS	2.1%
365	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections	2.1%
366	Bubonic Plague	2.1%
367	Mycobacterium abscessus Infection	2.1%
368	Tuberculosis, Meningeal	2.1%
369	Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection	1.9%
370	Lymph Node Tuberculosis	1.9%
371	Tuberculosis, Miliary	1.9%
372	Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	1.9%
373	Leprosy, Multibacillary	1.9%
374	Latent Tuberculosis	1.9%
375	Borderline leprosy	1.8%
376	Leprosy, Lepromatous	1.8%
377	Tuberculoid leprosy	1.8%
378	Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis	1.8%
379	Salmonella Infections, Animal	1.8%
380	Rheumatic Heart Disease	1.7%
381	Rheumatic Fever	1.7%
382	Salmonella food poisoning	1.7%
383	Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous	1.7%
384	pseudomembranous colitis	1.7%
385	Dysentery, Bacillary	1.7%
386	Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal	1.5%
387	Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System	1.5%
388	Botulism	1.5%
389	Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome	1.3%
390	Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	1.3%
391	Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary	1.3%
392	Lemierre Syndrome	0.9%
393	Tuberculosis, Renal	0.9%

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