Back to Evidence

Paper-scoped peptide mentionSequence reported

AR-23

PMC12024264::PEP000003

Source publication

Frog Skin Peptides Hylin-a1, AR-23, and RV-23: Promising Tools Against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections

Antibiotics · 2025

DOI 10.3390/antibiotics14040374 PMC12024264 PMID 40298508

Sequence status: reported
Standardization: Sequence ready
Source location: unknown
Activity records: 27

Sequence evidence

Reported molecular identity

AIGSILGALAKGLPTLISWIKNR

AIGSILGALAKGLPTLISWIKNR

Resolved peptide links

PEPDIA-PLP-003381 CTPDB_P014813

Experimental observations

Records linked to this mention

ToxicityCytotoxicPositive observation

AR-23 exhibits a CC50 of 50 μM.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264text

Measure: CC50
Value: 50 μM
Target: HaCaT
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 1: AR-23 MIC 6.25 μM against K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 6.25 µM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 1: AR-23 MBC 25 μM against K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 1: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against E. coli ATCC 25992.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 1: AR-23 MBC N/D against E. coli ATCC 25992. N/D stands for not detected antibacterial activity in our experimental conditions.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 50 μM against K. pneumoniae 1711.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 50 µM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against K. pneumoniae 1711.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MIC N/D against K. pneumoniae 311.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: N/D
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against K. pneumoniae 311.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 50 μM against K. pneumoniae 1745.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 50 µM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against K. pneumoniae 1745.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against K. pneumoniae 1746.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against K. pneumoniae 1746.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against E. coli 2267.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against E. coli 2267.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 50 μM against E. coli 3140.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 50 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against E. coli 3140.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against E. coli 716.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MBC 50 μM against E. coli 716.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: 50 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against E. coli 1376.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MBC 50 μM against E. coli 1376.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: 50 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

Table 2: AR-23 MIC 25 μM against E. coli 1441.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MIC
Value: 25 µM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialNegative / threshold

Table 2: AR-23 MBC N/D against E. coli 1441.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264table

Measure: MBC
Value: N/D
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAnti-BiofilmPositive observation

AR-23 and Hylin-a1 reduce biofilm at 50 μM by 80–100% for both bacteria. (K. pneumoniae)

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264text

Measure: biofilm_inhibition
Value: 50 μM
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAnti-BiofilmPositive observation

AR-23 and Hylin-a1 reduce biofilm at 50 μM by 80–100% for both bacteria. (E. coli)

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264text

Measure: biofilm_inhibition
Value: 50 μM
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

AR23, which works worse than RV-23 when used alone, when combined with the antibiotic, gives similar if not better results than RV-23, indeed, with calculated MIC values at 3.125 μM (peptide) and 0.625 μg/mL (antibiotic) against K. pneumoniae.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264text

Measure: MIC
Value: 3.125 μM (peptide) and 0.625 μg/mL (antibiotic)
Target: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

AntimicrobialAntibacterialPositive observation

AR23 ... with calculated MIC values at ... 6.25 μM (peptide) and 1.25 μg/mL (antibiotic) against E. coli.

Mention PMC12024264::PEP000003PMC12024264text

Measure: MIC
Value: 6.25 μM (peptide) and 1.25 μg/mL (antibiotic)
Target: Escherichia coli
Assay: Not reported by source

Source publication

Local peptide labels such as P1, PEP1, or peptide 1 are grouped only within this paper and are not assumed to represent the same molecule across publications.