LK

Both LK and KL exhibited DPPH radical-scavenging activity (LK: 22.04% ± 1.96%, KL: 22.31% ± 2.18%, Car: 27.04% ± 2.39% Figure 1a).

LK showed higher scavenging activity (20.49% ± 0.95%) than KL (4.06% ± 0.49%) and the same levels as Car (25.22% ± 3.51%).

Table 1: LK EC50 52.86 mg/mL.

LK also showed higher OH radical-scavenging activity (57.47% ± 8.32%) than KL (30.10% ± 15.13%).

Fluorescence intensity in the control group increased according to incubation time. ... LK: 134.72% ± 5.61% (Day 1), 155.93% ± 7.39% (Day 3), 197.28% ± 20.66% (Day 5), 312.14% ± 23.79% (Day 7).

Table 2: LK mean lifespan 24.81 ± 0.61 days.

Table 2: LK maximum lifespan 34.00 ± 1.73 days.

Table 3: LK 1 mg/mL mean lifespan 23.03 ± 0.61 days.

Table 3: LK 10 mg/mL mean lifespan 26.08 ± 0.68 days.

Table 3: LK 1 mg/mL maximum lifespan 29.25 ± 0.74 days.

Table 3: LK 10 mg/mL maximum lifespan 33.20 ± 0.73 days.

compared with those in the control group, intracellular ROS levels were significantly decreased by 40% in nematodes treated with LK (Figure 5b, p < .01).

LK treatment also significantly decreased by 20% (Figure 5c,d, p < .05).

In the LK treatment group, the blue autofluorescence intensity was suppressed on day 17 (p < .05, Figure 6a,b).

Table 4: LK 1 mg/mL mean lifespan 4.20 ± 0.07 days. Control: 4.32 ± 0.30 days.

Table 4: LK 10 mg/mL mean lifespan 4.25 ± 0.19 days. Control: 4.32 ± 0.30 days.