Myoki

Section 3.1 / Figure 1A: 'Myoki does not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations below 500 μM' and 'negligible reduction in cell viability at concentrations up to 500 μM'.

Section 3.1 / Figure 1C: 'On Day 6, the 100 μM Myoki-treated group exhibited a statistically significant increase in myotube length by 200% ± 33.88% compared to the control.'

Figure 1C caption: 'Quantification of Day 6 myotube morphology, including relative myotube length and relative myotube thickness... *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. DM group.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 2C: 'treatment with 100 μM Myoki significantly increased MyoD and MYH3 expressions by 190% ± 46.28% and 191% ± 10.66%, respectively, compared to the control.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 2D: 'treatment with 100 μM Myoki significantly increased MyoD and MYH3 expressions by 190% ± 46.28% and 191% ± 10.66%, respectively, compared to the control.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 2D: 'the fluorescence-based fusion index increased from 9.80% ± 0.85% in the control group to ... 13.66% ± 1.62% in the Myoki-treated groups'.

Section 3.2 / Figure 3A: 'On Day 6, Western blot analysis of the 100 μM Myoki treated group showed that the expression levels of alpha-actinin and MYH3 significantly increased by 818% and 307%, respectively.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 3A: 'On Day 6, Western blot analysis of the 100 μM Myoki treated group showed that the expression levels of alpha-actinin and MYH3 significantly increased by 818% and 307%, respectively.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 3B: 'Fluorescence staining of MYH3 on Day 6 also confirmed a significant increase of 153% compared to the control.'

Section 3.2 / Figure 3B: 'the Day 6 fusion index increased from 22.54% ± 3.42% in the control group to ... 35.16% ± 3.97% in the Myoki-treated groups'.

Section 3.3 / Figure 4D: 'Myoki significantly enhanced myostatin binding by more than 150% compared to the control, which was observed at concentrations ≥62.5 μM.'

Section 3.4 / Figure 5C: 'In the Myoki-treated group, collagen deposition in Gas decreased from 291% ± 19.72% to 194% ± 22.84% (normalized to SAMR1 = 100%).'

Section 3.4 / Figure 5C: 'In Quad, collagen deposition decreased from 185% ± 10.61% to 151% ± 28.82%, although this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance.'

Table 2: 'Lean muscle mass (g) ... Treatment (N = 38) 930.8 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 705.8 (433.40 to 978.16) p<0.01'.

Table 2: 'Muscle mass (kg/m²) ... Treatment (N = 38) 0.15 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 0.13 (0.07 to 0.19) p<0.01'.

Table 2: 'Time to complete 6-meter walk test (TTC-6mWT) (sec) ... Treatment (N = 38) -1.12 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -0.34 (-0.68 to 0.00) p<0.01'.

Table 2: 'Hand grip strength test (Left hand) (kg) ... Treatment (N = 38) 1.07 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 0.27 (-0.15 to 0.69) p=0.02'.

Table 2: 'Hand grip strength test (Right Hand)(kg) ... Treatment (N = 38) 1.27 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 0.43 (-0.04 to 0.89) p=0.04'.

Table 2: 'IGF-1 (ng/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) 31.44 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 17.93 (1.00 to 34.87) p=0.038'.

Table 2: 'Myoglobin (ng/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) -6.45 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -14.6 (-20.06 to -9.14) p<0.01'.

Table 2: 'Creatine kinase (CK-MB) (ng/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) -0.54 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -3.95 (-6.18 to -1.72) p<0.01'.

Table 2: 'Aspartate aminotransferase ... Treatment (N = 38) -2.83 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -5.39 (-10.09 to -0.70) p=0.025'.

Table 2: 'TNF-alpha (pg/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) 3.97 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -0.33 (-8.07 to 7.42) p=0.933'.

Table 2: 'Sex hormones (Estrogen) (pg/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) -2.37 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -0.39 (-8.45 to 7.67) p=0.923'.

Table 2: 'Sex hormones (testosterone) (pg/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) 46.54 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) 76.44 (-18.68 to 171.56) p=0.114'.

Table 2: 'IL-6 (pg/mL) ... Treatment (N = 38) 0.04 ... Difference between placebo and treatment (95% CI) -1.27 (-4.97 to 2.43) p=0.496'.